Barcelona’s streets. In 2017, 72 percent of the city was served situations of conflict with pedestrians and other modes of by the network of bicycle lanes. Through the implementation transport. To promote use of bicycles within the city, Barcelona of the PMU, that figure is expected to increase to 95 percent City Council carried out an information and awareness (PMU, 2013-2018). Besides, the PMU has promoted continuous campaign. The city has set up bicycle rental systems for specific surveillance of bicycle accidents and constant monitoring of groups (for example, tourists and students) and has created bike waiting points. The part of the PMU focused on bikes aims community bicycle parking and collection points. to improve the conditions of the bicycle network and avoid Figure 3.3 – Development of bicycle lanes in Barcelona under the PMU Source: Smart city live-a27d24_41f1edb04538425bae3b7351b744735f_mv2 Figure 3.3 illustrates the extension of the network of bicycle lanes in Barcelona under the PMU. These lanes are safe, and they allow bicycles to circulate in both directions. They are separated from the main roads by a cycle path lighting system that prohibits access for other vehicles such as cars. Barcelona is quite a hilly city, and electric bicycles are becoming more popular here, particularly among older adults and children. Mobility-related applications developed by private actors for Bans on Uber were issued in Spain in 2014. In March 2021, Uber electric bikes and scooters are growing, giving residents a more Eats was back on the streets of Barcelona, and Uber’s app for diverse range of transport options. Since 2016, as in most major renting a vehicle was operational, but its ride service was not. European cities, multiple free-floating services have been launched by local companies (for example, eCooltra and Yego 2.4 Public transport in the case of Barcelona) or international operators (such as Donkey Republic and Scoot, among others). For the last three Public transport is a fundamental aspect of every smart city. years, Barcelona City Council has been trying to regulate these In Barcelona, the public transport network provides a more services to make sure that they do not clash with the PMU. In sustainable option for residents, with a view to reducing 2019, Barcelona decided to grant licenses to twenty-one moped the number of vehicles on the road. In Barcelona, the main operators and ten bike operators. Currently, two world leaders modes of public transport are buses, trains, and metro lines. in scooter sharing (Lime and Bird) and three operators backed Barcelona’s PMU defined the lines of action that must govern by powerful ride-hailing companies (Uber/Jump, Cabify/Movo, urban mobility and specifically analyzed the implementation of and Taxify/Bolt) operate in Barcelona. measures aimed at improving the city’s bus service. 92 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021