Employment-finding services Housing and energy Employment-finding services are of critical importance, Through conducting a comparison of many studies, indexes, because they help the public and private sectors to provide and rankings focused on smart cities, we ascertained that people with information about job opportunities and the very few of them incorporated these two dimensions, and they competences required for a given employment role. Most of the contained virtually no specific subcategories relating to them. cities we have analyzed have online resources for employment Therefore, we have decided to add this merged dimension to services and provide training and guidance to people in need our study. We use this section to list and identify all programs, of them. frameworks, and solutions related to energy and buildings. This section has allowed us to observe different energy initiatives, Access to schools such as lighting plans, smart construction, and renewable Opportunities for a good quality of life start with access to energy. Most cities have specific programs related to the education, which transforms lives and breaks the cycle of dimension of Housing and Energy, which in most cases are poverty that traps so many children. Therefore, smart cities’ framed as being about “energy transition.” The link between programs must guarantee access to school and education for energy, buildings, and sustainability is obvious. The “smart” all children so they are suitably equipped to determine their features of buildings are generally designed to reduce GHG futures. emissions, turn waste into energy, and reuse/recycle products, and they usually fall into one of three overarching categories: Lifelong opportunities air and heat, water, and waste and remediation. One implication of today’s generational gap, which will potentially be widened by smart city technologies and the Additional information: This section has allowed us to identify a digitalization of our society, is that elderly residents of a city common trend among smart city programs. Many smart cities have might not understand smart city innovations or not have the developed a “lab” where new building technologies such as smart relevant skills for life in the smart city. There is therefore a grids and solar panels are tested out in collaboration with citizens. need to ensure lifelong opportunities for every generation of a Objectives focused on buildings and energy are strongly related to city’s population. Some cities are starting to implement special the reduction of CO emissions, which is one of the critical aspects2 seniors’ programs that aim to develop up-to-date digital skills of smart city programs. among members of older generations. Information on local government decision making and Business-led job creation feedback from citizens In many economic sectors, digitalization has the potential to kill We have decided to merge these two subcategories, since they jobs. However, to be viable, a smart city program must create follow the same framework, which is based on the digitalization new employment and provide opportunities for people to be of services and the creation of digitalization programs to part of the city’s transition. This subcategory analyzes the plans enhance citizens’ participation. A smart city program will and frameworks defined by cities to ensure the creation of new only be a success if it is accepted and understood by the city’s jobs, an endeavor that helps to promote innovation and boost residents. Local municipalities must listen to citizens’ needs the city’s economic development. and apply technology-driven services in an economical and sustainable fashion. This dimension focuses on identifying Welcoming of minorities means of citizen participation in each city we have analyzed As globalization continues, some cities are becoming very to evaluate the level of citizen involvement and the actions open to outsiders and attracting more and more people who taken by municipalities to promote and maintain a citizen- are interested in having access to the leading cities’ amenities, centric approach. Most of the cities in our study have developed revenues, and economic growth. City diversity is a strength that egovernment services that aim to facilitate citizen participation promotes innovation and reduces the distance between people. and reduce the burden of bureaucracy placed on citizens. Therefore, the inclusion of minorities must be an essential point of smart city programs to ensure that all citizens have access to the same opportunities. 50 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021