Climate Change (Cloudburst Master Planning Initiatives, To ensure that the city’s policy visions align with the new Administered by Morten Kabell, Mayor for Technical and Culture and Leisure policy, emphasis has been placed on sound Environmental Affairs, 2016) financial management. The city’s ambition is to be an attractive city and ensure that quality of life is continuously improved. Figure 4.2 illustrates the strategy implemented by the City The Culture and Leisure Policy states that “Copenhagen Council to reduce the effects of climate change. Implementing should be a city where not everything is planned and decided green spaces to combat flooding events will enormously upon in advance; a city that dares to think afresh and adopt increase water retention capacity as well as reduce damage new approaches so as to achieve its potential, and to do so sustained and overall costs. without losing its identity. Partly, this is about making conscious choices about what to preserve when developing the city” (City 3.2 Cultural activities of Copenhagen, Culture and Leisure Policy 2016-2019). Culture is omnipresent in Copenhagen. The City Council Therefore, the framework used in the Culture and Leisure considers citizens a vital asset in city life, and so it encourages Policy embraces Copenhageners’ cultural needs through the organization of grassroots activities. The city already fostering open dialogue and encouraging citizens to take part has a wide array of museums that enjoy prestige across the in the city’s cultural sector. world—for example, the National Museum (Nationalmuseet) and Denmark’s National Gallery, which holds works by artists It should be kept in mind that tourism is a major contributor such as Rembrandt, Picasso, and Matisse. The Copenhagen to Copenhagen’s economy and represents 4.2 percent of the Jazz Festival is one of the biggest events held in the city. During Danish economy (OECD Tourism Trends and Policies, 2020). The this festival, over nine hundred concerts take place, attracting city’s cultural activities are fundamental, because they allow over two hundred thousand people from Denmark and abroad. the city to develop a distinctiveness that helps to enhance the city’s international reputation and stimulate the local economy. Copenhagen’s Culture and Leisure Policy (City of Copenhagen, Culture and Leisure Policy 2016-2019) has three strands: 4. Housing and energy •It includes a comprehensive vision for the city under the heading of “city culture” (Culture and Leisure Policy 2016-2019); 4.1 Energy objectives in Copenhagen •It contains six principles that drive initiatives and actions for culture and leisure (“inherent value of culture,” “democracy,” “quality,” Figure 4.3 illustrates Copenhagen’s short- and long-term “freedom of expression,” “decentralization,” and “inclusiveness objectives to become carbon neutral (Copenhagen Climate Plan and equal access”) (Culture and Leisure Policy 2016-2019); (short version), Carbon Neutral by 2025, 2009). •It contains vital actions (facilities, empowerment, and digital access) to be implemented. Figure 4.3 – Energy objectives Goals in broad political agreement for 2020 • 12% reduction in the primary energy supply compared to 2006 • 35% renewable energy of the entire energy system (incl. transport) • 50% wind power in the electricity supply • 10% biofuels or renewable energy in the transport sector The government’s goal in 2020 • 40% CO emission reductions compared to 20062 The government’s goal in 2030 • No coal in the energy system • No oil in the heat supply The government’s goal in 2035 • 100% renewable energy in the electricity and heating sector The government’s goal in 2050 • 100% renewable energy in Denmark (incl. transport and industry) 127 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021