Labs could benefit teachers and students by enhancing the quality of classes. Indeed, classrooms with modular furniture and movable walls could allow teachers to test new learning models (for example, the flipped classroom, where students consume lectures outside the classroom and participate in one-on-one and group work within the school). 7. Job creation: Within the ninety-three thousand jobs that the Sidewalk Labs smart city project hoped to create in Toronto, forty-four thousand were permanent, full-time positions that generally fell into three broad categories: industrial jobs, population-based services, and knowledge-based industries (Sidewalk Labs, 2017). 8. Passive house design: A “passive house building design consists of using substantial wall insulation, airtight exteriors, and high-quality windows to maintain a consistent interior temperature.”5 This type of low-energy housing was an essential aspect of Sidewalk Labs’s project plans. We have organized our analysis of the main decisions and projects pertaining to Toronto’s Quayside through following the principal topics and themes summarized above. (5) https://quaysideto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/ (accessed on 8 May 2020). 168 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021