Below we summarize the key findings related to each of the Kabell, 2016). This catastrophe showed the need for nine themes that are examined in this chapter. collaborative efforts to be established to prevent flooding from having such ruinous effects. Basic sanitation: Copenhagen’s mayor for technical and2 environmental affairs believes that the public drinking water Employment-finding services: Denmark characterizes its supply is cleaner than bottled water, a claim that very few labor model as one of “flexicurity” (Denmark.dk website, other cities in the world would make (Dana Raidt, 2015). 2020). The model both allows employers to easily hire and fire employees to adapt to marketplace conditions and gives Recycling services: Denmark aims to be recycling 70 percent employees a secure safety net. of all its waste by 2025, and it produces a comparable per- person rate of municipal waste to that of other EU countries Lifelong opportunities: According to the OECD, Denmark (Circular Copenhagen - Resource and Waste Management is among the best places to live in terms of the work-life Plan 2024, 2019). balance that it offers (Denmark.dk Website, 2020) As for Copenhagen specifically, within its waste management Housing and energy: Copenhagen is a firm supporter of the goals, the city has placed emphasis on tackling waste 2015 Paris Agreement, and it is aiming to reduce its carbon generated by the many tourists who are drawn to the city footprint by two million tons. Housing and energy represent every year. Therefore, solutions aim to influence both a critical area that needs to be leveraged if the city is to residents’ and tourists’ behavior. succeed in that aim. The city is therefore seeking to reform its current building stock so that it makes smarter use of Mobility: Copenhagen City Council has formulated a set of energy. Retrofitting is the approach that the city is applying twenty-five green mobility initiatives. These have required an (Copenhagen Climate Plan, Carbon Neutral by 2025, 2009), initial investment estimated at between 0.8 and 1.2 billion with a view to decreasing the electricity usage of all buildings Danish kroner (110 to 160 million euros) (Action Plan for by up to 10 percent and reducing their heat consumption by Green Mobility, 2013). In 2010, 544,000 tons of CO were2 20 percent by 2025. emitted by the transport sector in Copenhagen, amounting to 22 percent of the city’s total CO emissions. Road traffic2 Governance: The political responsibility of the City of was responsible for 70 percent of transport emissions (Action Copenhagen is collegial and organized around a tight team Plan for Green Mobility, 2013). The city has set the target of of about ten people. Each of the elected officials assumes full 75 percent of all journeys in the town being taken on foot, responsibility for a pole, with a high level of decision-making by bike, or by public transport. For this reason, the Green autonomy and without systematically going through the council. Mobility Package is included within the Urban Development Decentralization is therefore strong. “We haven’t had any Plan (UDP); it ensures that all infrastructure will be optimized political decisions so far on a smart city strategy... not a big one. and enhanced, and it should facilitate the greening of It’s politically decided that yes we should work with smart city transportation. and this direction, but it’s not like it’s a vision for Copenhagen that the politicians have decided” (Extract from Arvin Ghasemi Activities: Back in 2014, Copenhagen won the European MS thesis (2015), interviewing Spiegelberg Stelzer (2015)). Green Capital Award. And, as we have mentioned, it holds the ambition of becoming the first carbon-neutral city in Europe Danish basic data program: The Danish Basic Data Program by 2025. A goal has been set to deliver a quality satisfaction creates a shared government registry for data distribution. level of 95 percent among users of parks, cemeteries, The registry is called the Common Public-Sector Data waterfronts, and green and natural areas by 2025. Distributor. This program aims to introduce the once-only principle, under which, for example, public authorities cannot Green spaces: In 2011, a cloudburst caused around one ask citizens for the same data provided earlier. Instead, each billion US dollars (710 to 720 million euros) of damage in of the three bodies has to obtain information from the system the city (Cloudburst Master Planning Initiatives, Administered itself. Governmental institutions, businesses, and citizens are by Mayor for Technical and Environmental Affairs, Morten the three main beneficiaries of this shared data program. (2) https://ramboll.com/media/rgr/former-mayor-for-technical-and-environmental-affairs-morten-kabell-to-join-ramboll (Accessed on 10 June 2021). 114 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021