6.2 Corruption among city officials Canada scored 77 points out of 100 on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index for 201932(Trading economics website, 2019). Figure 6.5 - Corruption perception index (Trading economics, 2019) 89 90 87 88 86 84 83 84 82 82 81 81 81 82 80 77 78 76 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 6.3 Feedback from citizens enhance pedestrians’ and cyclists’ safety and comfort as well as to enhance street life. Each solution designed by Sidewalk Sidewalk’s Master Innovation and Development Plan is a Labs used the same methodology of analyzing respondents’ comprehensive proposal for inclusive growth along Toronto’s views to ensure that the project would be right for Torontonians eastern waterfront. Before it launched its bid to be involved inand increase their quality of life. the waterfront, Sidewalk Labs conducted an eighteen-month- long analysis based on public consultations. 7. Data management Within the main pillars of the smart city project developed byIn 2015, Canada’s digital economy generated up to 117 Sidewalk Labs, we can find a part called “public engagement,”billion dollars; approximately four thousand businesses were which summarizes the most relevant and repeated information established, leading to four hundred thousand jobs for the city. related to each problem that Torontonians face. Today, Toronto has a thriving digital ecosystem (Sidewalk Labs, 2017). For example, regarding the aspect of mobility, one important view provided by Toronto’s residents concerned prioritizing Digital innovation was at the heart of the Sidewalk Labs pedestrians and cyclists. Safety and the management of project for Toronto. Indeed, it represents an essential aspect conflicts among road users were at the forefront of their for catalyzing the ecosystem of new services and solutions thoughts: “Greater access to pedestrian laneways and safer offered by individuals, local companies, entrepreneurs, and bike lanes would make me more likely to even bike—and not third parties worldwide. think I may turn into roadkill!” Based on residents’ perspectives, Sidewalk Labs adapted its mobility plan by including people-first streets designed to (32) https://transparencycanada.ca/ (accessed on 8 May 2020). 185 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021