to manage resources such as water better. The challenge by 32 percent (equivalent to an increase of four hundred is to shift mindsets when it comes to governing this Smart kilometers in total); Nation. There is also a need for greater citizen participation • Increasing the length of the Nature Ways by 165 percent in decision making in the context of the environment, (equivalent to a 180 kilometer increase in total) (Park something that represents a true test of the collaboration Connector Network, 2020: 3); between the state and the people. Given that Singapore is • Ensuring that 90 percent of households are within a recognized across the world as occupying a leading position ten-minute walk of a park (the figure having stood at 83 in the development of smart city strategies that focus on percent in 2015); digital technologies, it is important for us to assess the key • Increasing the number of active green volunteers by determinants of Singapore’s smart city policy. 233 percent (which would mean a total of five thousand volunteers; there were 1,500 such volunteers in 2015). Below we summarize the main advances that the Smart Nation has ushered in. Lifelong opportunities: Singapore is always adopting cutting-edge technologies, prompting new job categories and Recycling services: The government implemented thebusiness opportunities (Robert Kamei, 2017). The government Singapore Packaging Agreement (SPA), a joint initiative by is aware that upgrading skills and ensuring access to lifelong the government, industry, and NGOs to reduce packaging learning opportunities would help to maintain and promote waste. It deals with about one-third by weight of Singapore’s the Smart Nation’s development. Therefore, on the Smart domestic waste. So far, fifty-four thousand tons of packaging Nation Singapore online platform, many programs have have been recycled, representing 130 million Singapore been created to ensure citizens will have access to lifelong dollars in savings over twelve years (NEA website, 2020) opportunities. Public safety: Back in 2016, the Singapore Police Force Business-led job creation:Singapore’s Industry stated in its Annual Crime Brief that ten thousand police Transformation Program, which has a bugdet of 4.5 billion cameras had been installed by the Housing and Development Singapore dollars, will digitalize economic growth. The Board (HDB) and that 3,400 pieces of footage had helped National Environment Agency’s recommendations, guided the police to solve more than 1,600 cases (Singapore Police by the Economic Transformation Maps,3cover twenty-three Force, 2016). economic sectors (SG:D, 2018). Based on this progrm, wea • “74% of Singapore citizens want the police to make greater understand the Singapore Smart Nation pogram essntiallyr e use of CCTV cameras” (Accenture Consulting, 2018); focuses on promoting technology as the primrayource ofs • “67% of Singapore citizens say the presence of CCTV growth. Indeed, in Singapore, technology has hlpedSMEs toe security cameras makes them feel safer” (Accenture flourish, and individuals feel empoweredby becoming content Consulting, 2018). creators and service providers (SG:D,2018). Mobility: Motorized traffic in Singapore produces 75 percent Housing and energy: The Housingand Development Board of the city-state’s air pollution, and land transport produces (HDB) manages around ten thousand residential blocks, 20 percent of its carbon emissions (Smart Mobility 2030, allowing the agency to play a vital role in climate transition. 2014). The city has acknowledged that, with regard to In alignment with the Sustainable Singapore Blueprint public transportation, it focuses on maintenance actions published in 2015, the HDB has developed a Sustainable and investment processes to increase the share of green Development Framework to ensure that sustainable transportation. Implementing this green mobility focus will building design initiatives will be implemented (HDB website, involve tripartite collaboration between public agencies, 2020). Moreover, the Building Research Institute (BRI), the academic and research institutions, and industry players. research arm of the HDB, is focusing principally on building Green Spaces: The Sustainable Singapore Blueprint, and environmental sustainability within five key population published in 2014, sets achievement of the following clusters (HDB website, 2020). objectives by 2030: • Developing the length of the Park Connector Network (3) The Environmental Services Industry Transformation Map (ES ITM) is one of the four ITMs under the Built-Environment cluster. 146 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021