Table of content Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 3 Biographies . .................................................................................................. 4 Executive summary ...................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 Smart and sustainable city: an overview .................................................. 27 Chapter 2 AmsterdamTHE COLLABORATIVE CITY ................................................ 55 Chapter 3 Barcelona THE DIGITAL CITY .................................................... 79 Chapter 4 CopenhagenTHE GREEN GROWTH CITY ............................................. 109 Chapter 5 Singapore THE SMART NATION .................................................. 141 Chapter 6 Toronto THE GOOGLE CITY ......................................................... 163 Chapter 7 Vienna THE FRAMEWORK CITY ............................................................ 191 Chapter 8 Perspectives and ways forwards ........................................................... 221 List of acronyms ....................................................................................... 235 5 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021