A- Economy creating unbalanced migration flows. If young people have to leave their home city because it does not offer education options A smart and sustainable city is a city that performs well across that match their aspirations, they may not return to their home a couple of dimensions. The location of economic activities city once they have been trained elsewhere. This dynamic causes influences mobility and commuting behaviors, and it has an a drain of talent from cities whose education infrastructure is effect on Productivity. Both Labor Market Flexiblity and te Aiityi h bl lacking, but it also creates a wealth of talent for the world’s to Transform the City rely on a qualified labor market and must leading cities to take advantage of.. People are inclined to have be able to cope with the emergence of new activities, such as a high Affinity for Lifelong Learning. Education and ethnic and services. Economic factors will influence a city’s International social diversity encourage Creativity and improve the Flexibility of Embeddedness. It is important to explain how city governance professional and personal trajectories. Social and Ethnic Plurality functions in an expanded multilevel system: city and metropolis, fuels Open Mindedness. Furthermore, people living in a particular city and state, and city within a region. The aim is to analyze area attach greater importance to their Participation in Public institutional change and international embeddedness. These Life: citizen participation dramatically influences the success or factors are also the basis of a city’s Economic Image and failure of any public project in a city. Trademarks. E- Living B- Mobility For many of us, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an Accessibility is a key determinant of mobility, and population unprecedentedly dramatic impact on our way of life. Many things density and availability of infrastructure are key dimensions of have been shut down by the pandemic. Health Conditions in urban it. Multimodal Transport Solutions influence Local Accessibility. environments are now seen as a key determinant in allowing (Inter)national Accessibility will depend on the potential existing access toCultural Facilities, in sustaining a place’s Attractvenessi core infrastructure and/or cross border exchanges. In a similar to Tourists, and in making Social Cohesionas strong as possible. vein, Availability of ICT Infrastructure can ease the regulation of To complement external factors influencing health and living flows of cars and goods and monitoring of pollution levels. A conditions, people also pay greater attention to Education key challenge is to develop new transportation services such Facilities, Housing Quality, and Individual Safety. If living conditions as Sustainable, Innovative, and Safe Transport Systems and soft decline, people may migrate to other urban communities that, in mobility and sharing-based solutions that make use of electric their view, offer a better lifestyle. vehicles. F- Governance C- Environment More and more mayors and municipal governments are Environmental Protection amplifies the need for there to be becoming aware of and sensitive to the need to identify and more green areas within a city, decreases the artificialization adopt adaptive solutions to pollution, urban growth, and other of soils,25and reduces existing buildings’ contribution to carbon challenges posed by urban lifestyles. Political Strategies and emissions. It calls for a new set of competences and skills at the Climate-Friendly Perspectives incorporate such awareness and city level. These skills and competences fall under the umbrella sensitivity, and they prompt changes to urban development, of Sustainable Resource Management. Fighting against Pollution trigger urban transformation, and foster the development of new Sources increases the Attractiveness of Natural Conditions of a city. urban planning initiatives. D- Citizens To undertake urban transformation, bothTransparent Geovrnance and citizens’ Participation in Decision Making are crucial, because If cities deliver major improvements in quality of life and other change needs to be backed by social acceptance. Some people areas, they can prevent the drain that occurs when citizens and continue to need Public and Social Services, but the climate- businesses move to other cities that offer better prospects. The related cost of these is now coming under scrutiny. Others migration of people and businesses from one city or region to claim that urban transformation must create social value and another one may have been exacerbated by the recent global contribute to the common good. pandemic. The quality of education offered by a city can shape the Level of Qualification of that city’s population, as well as (25) https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2190 (accessed on 5 March 2021). 35 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021