such events could be financed through the water tariff. The from the EU Urban Waste Project, which helps to develop urban city government then passed the proposal. Consequently, strategies for waste management in tourist cities. Although introducing new infrastructure to manage cloudbursts became tourism activities have a positive socioeconomic impact, they a new activity for HOFOR (Cloudburst Management Plan for also create a range of negative externalities, including high Copenhagen City). levels of unsustainable resource consumption and waste production. As a tourist city, Copenhagen has to address 1.2 Recycling services additional challenges related to waste prevention, management of geographical and climatic conditions, and the seasonality In Copenhagen, the majority of the population engages in of tourism flows. The EU Urban Waste Project supports policy some form of waste sorting. The latest reports showed that 78 makers in answering these challenges through reducing percent of residents are willing to sort their biowaste (Circular the amount of municipal waste production and developing Copenhagen - Resource and Waste Management Plan 2024, strategies for the reuse, recycling, collection, and disposal of 2019). In the city, typical apartment buildings will have four waste. Therefore, solutions aim to influence both residents’ categories for waste (paper, plastic, biodegradables, and and tourists’ behavior. Around forty million euros have been residual waste). allocated to implementing solutions in this area. The following initiatives have been set up under the Urban Waste Project and Denmark aims to be recycling 70 percent of all its waste by 2025, the City of Copenhagen’s waste management operations (Line and it produces a comparable per-person rate of municipal waste Brogaard, 2017): to that of other EU countries (Circular Copenhagen - Resource • The introduction of recycling advisors who help tourist and Waste Management Plan 2024, 2019). establishments to optimize their recycling; • The installation of removable street bins to reduce littering; Having set up an integrated recycling program over many • Implementation of a scheme under which the deposits on years, Copenhagen now sends less than 2 percent of its waste recyclable drinks containers are donated to charities. The to landfills. Moreover, 45 percent of the city’s waste is now being scheme operates at the airport, where charity recycling recycled. Some waste is even used as an energy source for the bins for drinks containers have been installed (Copenhagen city’s district heating network. Waste Management, Pilot Form, 2016); • Use of a nudge approach to reduce food waste; The City Council is well aware of the importance of waste • Promotion of the consumption of tap water over bottled water. management and sees it as a vital element of the town’s sustainability performance. Climate change is further raising These activities are aimed at both citizens and tourists, and they awareness about waste management among residents.seek to offer a complete solution that promotes the circular Furthermore, Danish national legislation states that waste economy. sent to landfills is subject to a tax of 62.56 euros per ton, while waste sent for incineration incurs a surcharge price of 6.69 1.3 Public safety euros per ton. One national police service covers Denmark, the Faroe Islands, 1.2.1 Tourism and waste and Greenland. The national police service is organized The City Council created its Resources and Waste Management into twelve police districts. Each district is headed by a plan in 2018. It is founded on these three principles: commissioner. The Copenhagen Police District covers four local •Waste is a resource that needs to be leveraged to produce authority districts (Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Dragør, and energy for heating; Taarnby) and their seven hundred thousand inhabitants. Local •The waste model needs to shift from incineration to recycling; policing efforts are primarily embedded in the Your Officer (Din •A 20 percent reduction in incineration of waste must be betjent) program. The Copenhagen Police District has around achieved. 2,700 staff members. The council also grasps that tourism, as an important part of According to the Denmark 2019 Crime and Safety Report, the city’s activities, creates waste, meaning that measures must published by the Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC), be taken to manage the waste produced by tourists. economic crimes, drug-related offenses, and other organized crime increased in Denmark between 2014 and 2017. In terms Copenhagen is one of the twelve cities receiving funding support of more specific trends within this overall rise in recent years, 117 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021