Figure 5.1 – Waste management chart Organisation flow analysis - Environmental aspect - Singapore Smart City Ministry of Environment Pollution Captors and Index reporting Management sensors platform Ultrasonic Waste UBi sensor Management Waste Management NEA companies Smart Bins Energy Smart grid Integrated Operation Management System and Command Centre (IOCC) IES Data collection, Data Generation (captors & sensors) Data Distribution Analysis, Decision B2B / B2C Data flow The above figure illustrates the NEA’s waste management The Singapore Civil Defense Force (SCDF), whose main role is functions, and it shows the benefit of technological sensors to provide firefighting, rescue, and emergency medical services, installed in smart bins. The NEA gathers data pertaining has deployed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor to areas such as waste collection, recycling rates, waste outdoor activities (Jeven and Rahul Daswani, 2019). The police management plants, and type of waste. The data is then force also uses these UAVs to obtain real-time information at analyzed and distributed through B2B and B2C channels, crime scenes. Other advanced public safety technologies used allowing the interconnection of different actors to identify in Singapore include the Red Rhino Robot, which detects fires potential issues and other areas for improvement. using a heat-seeking mechanism. 1.3 Public safety In 2016, the Singapore Police Force’s Annual Crime Brief stated that ten thousand police cameras have been implemented by In Singapore, the Community Safety and Security Programme the Housing and Development Board (HDB). Moreover, 3,400 (CSSP) is an initiative through which the community can pieces of footage helped the police to solve more than 1,600 collaborate as well as identify safety concerns and potential cases (Singapore Police Force, 2016). solutions to them (Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) Website, 2020). The Singaporean government acknowledges thatIn terms of security within the mobility sector, in 2015 the the community plays a vital role in fighting crime and that Singaporean government created the LTA, which provides an technology is necessary in this area. Applications and initiatives express monitoring and vehicle recovery service. The LTA uses have been put in place to facilitate crime reporting. These surveillance cameras—for example, Speed Sign, a smart device include: that displays the real-time speed of cars. The cameras alert i-Witness,9a on-estop platform through which residents can drivers if they are exceeding the speed limit, thus reducing • communicate with the police force regarding crimes, traffic the probability of road incidents. Thanks to such technologies, offenses, and other security issues (MHA Website, 2020). the LTA’s vehicle recovery service can reach incident sites in Users can submit text, videos, and photos to help the police approximately fifteen minutes, helping to avoid traffic jams and with their work; providing first aid to drivers. •The SAFE program encourages students to develop concepts and prototypes to tackle safety and security issues in the Lastly, a report by Accenture Consulting called CCTV and Lion City (MHA Website, 2020). Public Safety: Zooming In On a NewEra was published in 2018. (8) https://www.police.gov.sg/I-Witness (Accessed on 10 June 2021). 150 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021