expand its climate-proofing strategy (Amsterdam Green Governance: The Amsterdam Smart City online platform is Agenda 2016-2018). These objectives, most of which have the main focal point of the city’s strategic approach. This now been met, include: platform is the outcome of a partnership between twelve •Installing fifty thousand square meters of green roofs with public, private, and research partners. It serves as a forum a thick layer of plant growth to absorb water; where collaboration is at the heart of project development. •Implementing green spaces in industrial areas and car parks to reduce the possibility of new constructions; Citizens’ feedback and decision making: ASC’s bottom- •Increasing biodiversity by creating ecological connection up approach to creation through its online platform helps routes and more ecofriendly buildings. citizens, the main actors in Amsterdam’s transformation, to relate to the smart city transition. Indeed, the opportunities Lifelong opportunities: ASC programs follow the “age- that local residents have to set the agenda for innovation friendly city” concept developed by the World Health based on the issues they face add value to Amsterdam’s Organization, which aims to promote healthy and active development, engaging people with companies and the aging. This concept is based on the fact that “according to government in a common goal. The role that citizens play United Nations estimates, the number of older persons (60+) here creates a more resilient city where technology helps will double from the current 600 million to 1.2 billion by 2025, to increase and optimize certain processes while keeping and again, to 2 billion by 2050” (World Health Organization human collaborations at the heart of transformation. Website, 2020). In this chapter, our analysis and discussion of the main Welcoming of minorities: Amsterdam is known in Europe as decisions and projects of the city of Amsterdam, as well as a “hyperdiverse city.” Home to over 180 different nationalities, the scope, enforcement, adaptation, and limitations of those and with 45 percent of its population belonging to an ethnic projects, are organized according to the principal topics and minority, it is one of the most diverse countries in Europe (City themes summarized above. of Amsterdam Website, 2020). The City Council states that its strategy is to focus on inclusion rather than on diversity (City of Amsterdam Website, 2020: World Population Review).3 Housing and energy: In the Amsterdam 2040 Energy Strategy, the municipality states the importance of a transition to sustainable energy and outlines critical targets in this area. Amsterdam is aiming for a 40 percent reduction in CO emissions by 2025, and a 70 percent reduction by 2040,2 compared to 1990 levels (The City of Amsterdam, 2015). City-zen project: This project was granted EU funding “to develop and demonstrate energy-efficient cities and build a methodology and tools for cities, industries, and citizens to reach the 20-20-20 targets” (City-zen Smart City, 2019). The project, which began in 2014, focused on two main cities: Amsterdam and Grenoble. It was involved in twenty pilot projects with no fewer than twenty-eight partners, including Waternet and the Amsterdam Economic Board; these projects collectively aimed to save fifty-nine thousand tons of CO every year (City-zen Smart City, 2019).2 (3) Accessed on 19 November 2020. 60 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021