Figure 4.4 illustrates the City Council’s strong commitment portal for energy efficiency in Buildings, Build up Website, to both using novel renewable technologies and leading by 2015). Moreover, the building’s LED lighting is powered by example to become carbon neutral by 2025. So far, the most solar panels. Lastly, the building’s geothermal heat pump and significant contribution to reducing CO emission in the2 connection to the district heating system satisfy its heating municipality has been made in the area of district heating and cooling needs. This building sets a standard for every new (Briand Vad Mathiesen, Ida Auken, and Jens Martin Skibsted, construction in the city to aim for. 2019). Since 2010, more and more companies’ cooling needs have been covered by a policy to slightly reduce cooling during 4.3 Energylab Nordhavn this period, lowering CO emissions by around eighty thousand2 tons (Briand Vad Mathiesen, Ida Auken, and Jens Martin Energylab Nordhavn was the first urban laboratory established in Skibsted, 2019). Denmark. The project’s twelve partners—Technical University of Denmark, CPH City and Port Development, HOFOR, Radius, ABB, The City Council has set various objectives to ensure that Danfoss, Balslev, CleanCharge, Glen Dimplex, METRO THERM, buildings throughout the city become more energy efficient: and PowerLabDKfacilities (Energy Lab Nordhavn Website, •All the municipal buildings must comply with environmentally 2020)—are using it to present demonstrations and conduct focused actions; research into technology designed to increase use of renewables. •The city will prioritize retrofitting and renovation projects for municipal buildings; The Energy Technology Development and Demonstration •All of the municipality’s new constructions and municipally Program supports the Energylab Nordhavn project. Integrated financed constructions must be based on low-energyinto the city’s power grid and the district heating network, the principles; project develops models and simulates energy systems to •All facilities that the municipality leases to tenants must estimate their potential (Energy Lab Nordhavn Website, 2020). meet energy conservation criteria, and the city must establish a detailed energy plan with savings; This project shows how important it is to carry out real-life •Building owners, renters, trade workers, and consultants experiments to identify regulatory barriers and shed light on must receive targeted training in opportunities for CO2 routines and organizational bottlenecks. The project aims to reduction; additionally, inhabitants and businesses are able support the city’s development of a reliable, cost-effective, and to see their own building’s heat losses via the heat mapping sustainable energy system that centers on renewables. So far, function on the municipality’s homepage; the project has yielded the following insights, among others: •The city has entered into a dialogue with companies about • The energy needs of buildings in Copenhagen can be energy conservation measures and the significant economic satisfied with an intense energy-efficiency process; benefits of them; • Ultra-low-temperature district heating combined with a •The municipality is contributing to establishing and booster heat pump would provide housing blocks with hot developing solar cell solutions through partnerships and a water and reduce energy consumption; heightened information campaign. • Batteries can be integrated into cities and used when needed—for example, at local peak times for energy demand; Those objectives and essential actions all aim to fulfil the • Real-time data sharing between different stakeholders is city’s energy vision for 2025, since energy savings among essential for smart energy processes. Copenhageners, businesses, and the municipality are a central component of the emissions reduction needed to achieve 5. Opportunities carbon neutrality. Denmark characterizes its labor model as one of “flexicurity” 4.2.1 The green lighthouse (Denmark.dk website, 2020). The model both allows employers Copenhagen’s Green Lighthouse, inaugurated in 2009, is a to easily hire and fire employees to adapt to marketplace perfect example of a carbon-neutral building. Serving students conditions and gives employees a secure safety net. from the University of Copenhagen’s Faculty of Science, the building has various features that make it carbon neutral. For 5.1 Employment-finding services instance, daylight and natural ventilation are provided by VELUX skylights and windows, thus lowering the need for energy to be The four main pillars defining this flexicurity model are as consumed in lighting and cooling the building (The European follows (Denmark.dk website, 2020): 129 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021