The Waste Management, Street Cleaning, and Vehicle Fleet create substantial economic costs. However, those impacts Department of Vienna’s city administration focuses on the main and costs can be minimized by forward-thinking planning objectives described above. In total, 3,200 city employees work and protective measures. Vienna’s local government has long every day to keep Vienna clean. Recyclable materials like paper, grasped that it has a responsibility to its citizens in this area, glass, and plastic bottles are collected separately and subjected and it has developed comprehensive air pollution standards. to material recovery, as is organic waste (SCWFS 2019–2050, 2019). Nonrecyclable and bulky forms of waste are treated Vienna’s approach to air pollution involves close cooperation thermally to generate power and heat. with other relevant decision makers, including Austria’s federal government and the EU. Coherence at these different The following achievements indicate how Vienna’s commitment levels is crucial if air pollution is to be successfully managed. to improving its waste management system has been a success Solutions at the metropolis level focus on mobility, waste (Smart City Wien Framework Strategy 2019–2050, 2019): management, and buildings’ energy consumption. All activities •One hundred thousand tons of garden trimmings and similar have considerable potential to contribute to the reduction of CO2 waste are used as high-grade compost; emissions. For instance, Vienna’s waste management system •Twenty-two thousand tons of kitchen scraps are converted contributes to reducing output of CO equivalents by 550,0002 into biogas; tons annually and to making the Austrian capital a clean city •Methane-containing land gas is extracted and supplies (SCWFS 2019–2050, 2019). electricity to around 2,200 Viennese households; •A quarter of a million tons of waste are treated and recycled Various programs in Vienna—for example, the EcoBusinessPlan each year; and OkoKaufWien—have led to significant reductions in the •About 60 percent of waste produced annually in Vienna negative impact of production and consumption activities on the is subjected to thermal treatment at one of four waste environment. In 2020, over one thousand businesses were part incineration plants, which cogenerate energy for district of such programs, saving over 120 million euros in operating heating or cooling and electricity. costs (SCWFS 2019–2050, 2019). 1.3 Public safety The effect on the ground is awe inspiring: • In 2020, 1.04 terawatt hours (TWh or million MWh) of energy Citizens’ safety and security are another key health-related were saved, corresponding to 208,000 Viennese households’ aspect of smart city design. This area links to other areas of annual electricity consumption; smart city planning—for example, mobility, where technological • 305,000 tons of carbon were eliminated; solutions can be implemented to reduce risks for pedestrians • 93 million transportation trips were rendered unnecessary; and drivers. • Drinking water consumption has been reduced by up to 2,573,500 cubic meters. Vienna has a low crime rate, which decreased by 10 percent to a nineteen-year low during 2018, with the only area of concern being a notable increase in reports of cybercrime. We deal with data-related aspects of security, a vital aspect of citizens’ safety, in Section 7 of this chapter. The Global Peace Index ranks Austria as the fourth most peaceful country globally, just ahead of Denmark and Canada.4A 2019 report by Mercer ranked Vienna sixth in the world for personal safety. The federal minister of the interior is Austria’s highest law enforcement authority. Austria’s regional police directorates are subordinate to the federal minister. 1.4 Air pollution Highly urbanized areas are a huge source of CO emissions,2 which negatively affect human health and quality of life and (4) https://www.visionofhumanity.org/the-five-most-peaceful-countries/ 199 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021