Conclusion Amsterdam Smart City illustrates various elements of the Generally, Amsterdam as a city is coping with challenges smart city concept. through a business-friendly approach and through making use of collaboration with private partners, as are many other cities Its bottom-up methodology reveals a decentralization of the and governments. municipality’s authority through a collaborative spirit wherein every individual can undertake initiatives without running up Finally, some of the issues that Amsterdam is facing may also against bureaucratic processes. influence the city’s future. Among them, we would highlight two: This approach is reflected in Amsterdam’s smart city patfor • Serious inequality; which uses an open-source model that allows users to connect • The threat that flooding poses to the Netherlands. and share content ideas and create potential synergies and collaborations. The program of Amsterdam Smart City is less Inequality is an issue in the city because its first- and second- defined than that of some other cities—for example, that of generation immigrant populations currently have education Vienna (see Chapter 7)—but it is more focused when it comes levels that are below the city’s average, and they have much to taking efficient and quick action to implement sustainable lower incomes. They mostly live in isolated neighborhoods that solutions. For instance, mobility in the city has advanced are outside of the city center but within the metropolitan area. significantly through the promotion of electric vehicles. Second, the Netherlands faces huge uncertainty because of the risks posed by major flooding. Ensuring the city’s resilience to Another point that demonstrates the leading position of flooding will be a key challenge. Amsterdam in smart city development is its international collaboration with the City-zen Project. In developing and implementing real-life solutions at the neighborhood level, both Amsterdam and Grenoble benefitted from an impact measurement process and therefore identified and adopted methods that let them improve or correct potential issues. Amsterdam’s governance model is similar to that of Copenhagen (see Chapter 4), and the city views the smart city concept as providing a selection of useful tools for fighting climate change and becoming a more resilient city. However, one distinction between Amsterdam and Copenhagen needs to be made. The Amsterdam Smart City platform is continuously improving and represents the program’s driving force, whereas Copenhagen’s open-source model (see Chapter 4) was not operational in 2020. 74 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021