residents of inner or outer suburbs” (Sidewalk Labs, 2017). A These findings illustrate the need for the city to have a fifteen-minute neighborhood would help people to be more transportation system that is good enough to persuade people active every day by enabling them to meet their daily needs to use it instead of their own cars. The Sidewalk project’s vision within walking distances; for mobility was to “create a transportation system that reduces •Decreased Obesity: “Residents of highly walkable areas the need to own a car by providing safe, convenient, connected, engaged in more utilitarian walking and had a lowerand affordable options for every trip” (Sidewalk Labs, 2017). prevalence of obesity than did adults in low-walkability areas” (Sidewalk Labs, 2017). That finding shows that active 2.1 Public transportation transportation is strongly correlated with lower obesity rates. 2.1.1 Expanding public transport Sidewalk also had plans to put health-related initiatives in place Sidewalk believed that the first step toward achieving its vision within the development of new buildings that it had designed. was the right balance between traditional public transit and For example, the buildings would have contained captors adaptation of Toronto’s infrastructure (Sidewalk Labs, 2017b. and sensors to track the vital signs of older adults, with this Part 1, Expanding Public Transit, p. 32-41). information being sent to TPH or to the closest hospital. One of its initiatives, the Waterfront Transit Network plan, 2. Mobility involved the construction of 6.5 kilometers of light rail transit, which, it was hoped, would generate up to 2.8 billion dollars According to Sidewalk Labs’s report on its plan for Toronto, in additional tax revenue and serve up to 72,900 daily riders by across the GTA, traffic jams costs more than eleven billion 2041 (Sidewalk Labs, 2017b: 32-41). The implementation of this dollars a year in lost productivity. Sidewalk estimates annual new rail system would have made 36 percent of jobs in Toronto personal costs for car ownership at around ten thousand accessible within thirty minutes (Sidewalk Labs, 2017b: 32). A dollars. This evaluation covers monthly financing or lease key priority when it comes to mobility projects is to connect payments, parking, gas, insurance, and maintenance. On them to the existing transit system of the surrounding city, since average, car ownership represents the second largestpublic transportation is the only mode of travel today that can household expense after residential rent or a homeowner move many people from one point to another with little impact mortgage for Torontonians. on the environment (Sidewalk Labs, 2017b: 68). Figure 6.1 –Sidewalk Labs’s public transportation plan (Sidewalk Labs, 2017) According to Sidewalk, “Establishing a strong transit system creating a walking and cycling network that enables people to connected to the whole city would represent the first step travel easily and comfortably within their neighborhood and to towards ensuring that a neighborhood provides affordable, adjacent neighborhoods” (Sidewalk Labs, 2017). accessible alternatives to owning a car. The next step is 172 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021