•Improving education and employment levels; This policy is based on measurable interventions, and these •Favoring social work, facilitating the work integration of are targeted at both young people and parents. People with social enterprises, and ensuring a more sustainable labor specific knowledge and individual exposure to environments market; where social control is especially prevalent feel discriminated •Increasing innovative public demand and supporting healthy against. The city would also like to prevent young people from growth in existing businesses; exercising social control over their younger peers and members •Supporting the internationalization of the city and promoting of their local community, in order to reduce the risks of clan- change through its international partnerships with other cities. based behaviors and unlawful activities. Besides, the city is working on using public innovation tenders Copenhagen’s integration policy rests on three principles: so that the city’s buying power can be geared toward creating • Integration is a joint responsibility and endeavor that urban solutions for the future. It encourages innovation all citizens and local authorities must acknowledge and among businesses. For the same purpose, over time, the cooperate with to create concrete actions; City of Copenhagen has established several living labs and • Integration requires diversity, and all isolation or exclusion test locations around the city, through collaboration and in its must be banished; different institutions. • Integration has to be attractive, and its benefits should be measured. 5.5 Welcoming of minorities To monitor and track the implementation of this integration Copenhagen, as Denmark’s capital, has a population of more and inclusion policy, the City Council operates an Integration than 550,500 inhabitants. It aims to be among the most inclusive Barometer that evaluates commitments and impacts pertaining cities in Europe. The largest ethnic group—people of Danish to promotion of diversity and inclusion within the city. origin—makes up 75 percent of the population (Andersen & Co, 2014; Council of Europe - Intercultural Cities Index reports by 6. Governance city). The largest minority groups originate from two countries: Pakistan and Turkey. “They represent respectively 1.63% and 6.1 The city council’s organization 1.45% of the city’s population. Foreign-born nationals and second-generation migrants make up respectively 4.56% In Denmark’s capital, the City Council is in charge of political and 5.47% of the city’s population” (Copenhagen, Denmark - and administrative management. The City Council is managed Intercultural City). by the Lord Mayor and the chairmen of the standing committees (mayors); both figures sit on the Finance Committee. With a The city’s ambition to become the most inclusive city in Europe view to reducing administration processes and bureaucratic is based on the belief that “an integrated city is a better city.” The burdens, committees have the authority to make final decisions key principle of the city is, “If you feel you are a Copenhagener, within their responsibility and sector. this means you are included in the city.” (Copenhagen, Denmark - Intercultural City). “Inclusion means partnership, shared The fifty-five members of the City Council are elected every responsibility, mutual respect, and recognition of the value of four years and are in charge of day-to-day management. The diversity.” The aim is for everyone to have equal opportunities seven committees of the City Council (City of Copenhagen in Copenhagen. However, Copenhageners who are from non- website, 2020) are: the Finance Committee, the Culture and Caucasian ethnic backgrounds are sometimes subjected to Leisure Committee, the Children and Youth Committee, the higher discrimination and tighter social control than their white Health and Care Committee, the Social Services Committee, neighbors (at a 21 percent higher rate, according to the latest the Technical and Environmental Administration Committee, surveys and reports conducted by the European Parliament). and the Employment and Integration Committee. Using the City of Copenhagen’s Integration Policy 2015-2018 as a framework, the aim of the municipality’s Integration 6.2 Corruption among city officials Action Plan 2017-2018 is, among other things, to reduce social controls and ease recognition in the city. According to the latest report from the GAN anticorruption portal,7 Denmark is seen as one of the world’s least corrupt countries, and (7) GAN Integrity Solutions is a Denmark-based information technology and professional services firm. The portal was established in 2006. The European Commission and a number of European governments support it. The portal is a one-stop shop for business anticorruption information, and it offers tools on mitigating risks and costs of corruption when doing business abroad. https://www.ganintegrity.com/ (Accessed on 6 April 2021). 132 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021