large companies, and the municipal administration. The SCWF Some of the main objectives defined by the city related to the states that “the municipal administration and its associated social inclusion of minorities are (SCWFS 2019–2050, 2019): enterprises use a series of tools to support innovation • Investing in public infrastructure, strengthening community processes of this kind: the city initiates projects. It provides cohesion, and ensuring urban competences to provide a high support in the form of personnel and financial resources” quality of life to all citizens; (SCWFS, 2019-2050: 125). Other stakeholders provide funding • Making sure all smart city innovations contribute to social schemes for business, science, and research, and they support inclusion and better quality of life; startups and spinoffs related to smart city and sustainability • Reducing the percentage of citizens facing difficulties issues. According to the SCWF, “Research institutions are with housing costs. Affordable housing is a central pillar given access to municipal (data) infrastructure to support of the smart city framework. It aims to help low-income the development of pilot applications and in the context citizens to reduce the burden of housing costs within their of ‘living labs’. The City of Vienna also acts as lead client in budgets. Vienna has allocated specific subsidies and funding the procurement of innovative products and contributes its schemes to make housing affordable. Initially, when building expertise to regional research and innovation projects” (SCWFS, new housing, investing in adequate materials (low-carbon 2019-2050, 2019: 125). materials) and resource-efficient technologies (sources of central heating) should be appropriately anticipated and 4.4 Business-led job creation balanced out over a building’s entire life span; • Ensuring the implementation of a smart housing Smart and sustainable city programs aim to stimulate the local policy promoting technological progress that would not economy, create new jobs, and ultimately improve people’s compromise citizens’ sovereignty; quality of life within the urban environment. The City Council • Ensuring fair working conditions and adequate wages. has developed a set of objectives related to job creation: •Maintaining and ensuring constant urban economicAll these efforts aim to reduce the gender pay gap. The City growth, improving resource efficiency, and enhancing Council uses measures such as anonymized resumes during competitiveness; hiring processes to better fight against discrimination. •Ensuring that job satisfaction levels continuously increase According to the SCWF, “Vienna aims to become an and social inequalities always decline. The City Council internationally recognized pioneer in the fields of digitalisation supports productive participation in the labor market, and sustainable building,strengthening the expertise identifying it as a positive factor in terms of access to already available in the city while also endeavoring to attract economic conditions allowing a higher quality of life; international investment and know-how from outside” (SCWFS, •Becoming globally known as a resource-efficient circular 2019: 111). economy attracting investment and talent by 2030. Providing municipal services for all citizens is part of an equal 4.5 Welcoming of minorities access policy that makes substantial use of digital solutions. Every solution within the egovernment system aims to ease Among Vienna City Council’s many objectives, social inclusion citizens’ lives and businesses’ operations by optimizing represents one of the key priorities (SCWFS, 2019-2050, 2019: processes and reducing timelines. These measures help to 111). The City Council also aims to “promote gender equality integrate all citizens within Vienna and its smart city programs, and opportunities for participation for all who live here” creating a comfortable place to live that is enhanced by social (SCWFS, 2019-2050, 2019: 134). Vienna privileges the right cohesion and a collaborative community spirit. social mix and aims to obtain stable social cohesion. 5. Housing and energy The city’s democratic vision is linked to the attention paid by the city government to providing access to housing, education, health, Within Vienna’s smart city framework, the City Council strongly and infrastructure for all (SCWFS, 2019: 111). Complementarily, the focuses on the connections between buildings, energy, and diversity of the cultural scene remains a prerequisite in the future. sustainability. Indeed, buildings represent a major part of the Regardless of people’s economic and social situation, the city city’s carbon footprint and the highest proportion of the city’s assumes that all people living in Vienna should be able to actively energy consumption. “Social innovations also play a pivotal participate in city affairs. Ultimately, this is a collective project “thatrole in the shift towards green energy. The widespread use of needs everyone in Vienna on board” (SCWFS, 2019: 111). solar panels in Austria, for example, very clearly had its roots 209 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021