to foster economic activity via two plans: Easy Barcelona and the Zero Tax plan. Moreover, the BCN Green Deal will upscale the digital ecosystem and create new talent. In practical terms, the plans target the training of three thousand digital professionals over five years (2020-2024) (Ajuntament Barcelona, 2020). (Ajuntament Barcelona, 2020; https://www. barcelona.cat/internationalwelcome/en/news/bcn-green- deal-a-new-economic-agenda-to-create-103000-quality- jobs_909203). Housing and energy: In Barcelona, a strategy to foster local and renewable energy in housing was defined by the City Council within the Transition to Energy Sovereignty (TES) plan, which was approved in 2016. The City Council allocated 130 million euros to the implementation of its energy model, which is based on making 100 percent of the city’s energy come from renewable, zero-emissions sources and affordable for everyone (TES, 2015). Citizen participation: Decidim.Barcelona is a participatory democracy platform that allows Barcelona’s citizens to view and discuss proposals made by the City Council. They also have the facility to submit requests. Decidim is being used to create Barcelona’s government agenda, with over 70 percent of suggestions coming directly from over forty thousand participating citizens (Ajuntament Barcelona, 2020). Digital transformation: The city’s digital agenda will ensure that Barcelona has the infrastructure required to respond to all citizens’ needs. This infrastructure will be put to use to fight issues related to unemployment, social exclusion, health, energy, and mobility, and it is considered a tool to enhance citizens’ quality of life. The City Council is also aware that people leave digital footprints and that it is necessary to regulate and ensure open and democratic management of data. 86 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021