The City Council is seeking to increase the visibility of transport 2.4 Stimulating innovation and eMobility options so that residents are more likely to use green mobility forms for their journeys. Since 2015, the City Council has The interaction between climate solutions and green enhanced its communication regarding mobility in the city: technology calls for a leveraging of solutions that would •An open-source format is being used to gather all relevant increase Copenhagen’s quality of life. The City Council had available mobility data; already taken initiatives here by: a) supporting electric and •Transport is integrated into businesses’ environmental hydrogen technologies through specifications for procurement management systems and platforms on mobility; of municipal vehicles, b) developing traffic signals for dedicated •All schools must use green mobility forms (see thelanes with green waves for cyclists, and c) implementing “LED information on Safe Roads to School in Section 2.3). lighting in bike paths, and warning truck drivers of cyclists’ presence” (Action Plan for Green Mobility, 2013). 2.3 User-centric approaches and local partnerships Since the 2010s, the City Council has pushed for collaboration Copenhagen City Council grasped the fact that children and through regional (Hovedstaden, the Capital Region of Denmark young people will be tomorrow’s road users. Consequently, created in 2007) and international cooperation (C40, for the transport habits they develop in their infancy will have a example) across the business sector, research institutions, and significant impact on their transport behaviors later in life. municipalities. The main objectives were to define long-term Therefore, the City Council has created programs to involve policy as follows: children in traffic solutions in their local neighborhoods, • As a leading city, Copenhagen should function as a showcase through their schools and the Children’s Traffic Council.5 for development and innovation, focusing on using green solutions within the transport sector; A plan called Safe Roads to School was the city of Copenhagen’s • Environmental zones’ restrictions should cover many types “competence centre for the children and young people’s of vehicles (cars, trucks, buses, ferries, and planes). involvement in the sustainable development” of the town • Creation of labs and room for innovative thinking to promote (Action Plan for Green Mobility, 2013: 22). Children and young new ideas emerging from collaboration. people also participated in city planning. A tool for child impact analysis has been developed to help children to safely travel to EMobility makes a key contribution to green growth. For school by bicycle. The City Council estimated that cooperating instance, on average in Greater Copenhagen, more than with schools may lead to car journeys to schools being reduced 310 businesses have been registered as selling, repairing, by up to 40 percent (Action Plan for Green Mobility, 2013: 22). or producing bicycles. These businesses generated around “650 full-time jobs and an estimated turnover of DKK 1.3 Besides, the City Council wished to influence all individual billion” (Action Plan for Green Mobility, 2013: 26). Within this users of streets to choose green transport. It believed that collaborative approach, emobility has been at the heart of each the best way to do so would be through a local partnership project development since 2012 in order to contribute to the City of actors with knowledge of their local areas. This would help Climate Plan and its objectives for 2025. the City Council to create a solution that answers the needs of citizens. To coordinate these efforts, a mobility program is being established to promote and make different visible initiatives related to green mobility. Under the framework of the Formel M project, a business network that “influences employees’ transport habits has been initiated” (Ibid., 2013: 23). The city is also cooperating with Bispebjerg hospital on current and future transport “to reduce parking and congestion issues around the hospital” (Ibid., 2013: 23). “Some previous experiences from Sweden and the UK point Source: photo-1520430825812-775990ecfb13 out that a company with a travel plan can reduce car trips by up to 20%” (Action Plan for Green Mobility, 2013: 23). In 2017, the Smart Cities Council published an interesting snapshot of Copenhagen’s mobility program. It shows “how (5) The City Council has a Children and Youth Committee that consists of eleven members. The Children’s Traffic Council is part of the activities of this municipal committee. 124 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021