Our analysis reveals that each of these six cities’ approaches to becoming a smart city corresponds to its own unique profile. We have labeled these profiles according to the challenge that each city’s government prioritizes. We set out these six profiles below: • Amsterdam: The Collaborative City • Barcelona: The Digital City • Copenhagen: The Green Growth City • Singapore: The Smart Nation • Toronto: The Google City • Vienna: The Framework City. Each label describes a feature that is unique to that city. However, our study identifies additional characteristics, some of which are shared by some or all of the cities, some of which are not. To give some examples of such partially shared characteristics, Amsterdam and Barcelona rely on an active decentralization, while Barcelona and Singapore prioritize data sharing. For each of the eighteen dimensions that we used to analyze each smart city’s policies, we assigned a numerical score indicating the intensity and the scale of the city’s activities in that given area. We based our scoring on our reading of the cities’ official websites and other official publications. To show how the different cities’ scores along the different dimensions compare to one another, below we use a simple data visualization tool: a radar chart. 11 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021