BOX 1.3 - Methodology Based on and inspired by a detailed analysis of both different Public transport rankings and academic literature, we developed our own set of Cities are taking steps to integrate a broad range of mobility eighteen dimensions, sometimes reduced to fifteen, to cover modes, including traditional transportation forms, new the main topics related to smart and sustainable cities. transportation forms (for example, bike sharing, car sharing, and ride sharing), cycling, and walking, into their public Basic sanitation transport networks. The idea behind an integrated mobility plan Most international studies64seem to confirm that there is a is to provide an efficient public transport system—including strong correlation between poverty and sanitation. Therefore, mobility hubs—that facilitates connections between different by understanding water management systems and programs types of transport, as well as to simultaneously optimize ways within smart cities, we are able to assess and understand of moving around the city. By providing an efficient public initiatives that aim to increase citizens’ quality of life. transport system, cities aim to lower their CO emissions by2 reducing the need for citizens to use their cars for journeys Recycling services within the city. Recycling is becoming more and more important in our mass- consumption society. The amount of waste generated and its Traffic congestion negative impact on the environment and quality of life must be Traffic congestion affects all urban centers, and its impact on assessed to identify solutions and innovations that, for example, city life will continue to grow as city populations continue to convert waste into an energy source. increase in the years to come. Through investing in intelligent mobility technologies, cities can reduce the toll of traffic Public safety congestion on the environment, citizens’ health, and quality Public safety is an important part of health, since it aims to of life. Indeed, management systems for city mobility can use guarantee a good quality of life for a city’s residents. Safety real-time knowledge of traffic flows to generate insights and is linked to many other aspects of city governance—for improve operating efficiency. Smart systems of this kind also example, mobility. Throughout our study, some complementary allow citizens to participate by, for example, reporting incidents dimensions will be mentioned. They include protection of and sharing traffic information via apps. privacy, private data, and cybersecurity. Additional information: Reducing traffic congestion and Air pollution improving public transport necessarily go hand in hand. If citizens Reducing air pollution is one of the main objectives of every are provided with more efficient options for moving around their smart city program. To decrease CO emissions, recycling2 city, their need for cars will drop, and so will traffic congestion. services, mobility, housing, and other aspects are important Therefore, in some parts of our study, we have merged the Public factors that need to be analyzed. Indeed, this subcategory Transport and Traffic Congestion dimensions to offer an overall within the health section looks at specific solutions decided view of solutions related to mobility. by city executives. These decisions aim to implement policies to monitor air pollution in cities, prevent diseases, and, more Green spaces generally, protect citizens’ lives. These are rarely mentioned as such in cities’ policy documents. Medical services Cultural activities Access to adequate medical services is essential in cities, These are sometimes specifically mentioned in cities’ policy and the use of technology can considerably enhance medical documents. systems by optimizing emergency routes and anticipating potential issues. (64)WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (2013). Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2013 update. Available at: www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ resources/JMPreport2013.pdf. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (2013). Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2013 update. Available at: www.wssinfo. org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMPreport2013.pdf. United Nations Development Programme (2006). Human development report 2006. World Bank (2006) (2nd Ed.) Disease control priorities in developing countries. World Health Organization (2008). Safer water, better health: Costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596435_eng.pdf. 49 Quélin and Smadja | HEC PARIS | SMART CITIES | The sustainable program of six leading cities | 2021